Question 1

Stem cell and Phagocytic cells of lungs are, respectively :

Accepted Answer

The bronchioles contain Clara cells, columnar, nonciliated cells interspersed among the epithelial cells. Clara cells may protect against harmful effects of inhaled toxins and carcinogens, produce surfactant and function as stem cells (reserve cells), which give rise to various cells of the epithelium. Alveolar macrophages are highly phagocytic cell found in the alveolar walls of the lungs, also called as dust cell.

Question 2

Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Accepted Answer

In the trachea, or windpipe, there are tracheal rings, also known as tracheal cartilages. Cartilage is strong but flexible tissue. The tracheal cartilages help support the trachea while still allowing it to move and flex during breathing.

Question 3

Read the following statements:(1) It is double layered and covers the lungs.(2) Outer layer is in contact with thoracic wall.(3) Fluid is present between these layers.(4) Inner layer is in contact with lungs.The above features refer to

Accepted Answer

Pleura is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs. It is doubled layered, and comes in contact with the thoracic wall. Pleural fluid is present between the two layers of pleura and its inner layer comes in contact with the lungs.

Question 4

Primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by:

Accepted Answer

Tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.

Question 5

Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Accepted Answer

Tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.

Question 6

Which of the following function is not performed by the conducting zone of the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone of the respiratory system serves to filter, moisten and warm up the inhaled air. It transports the inhaled air to the respiratory zone where gaseous exchange occurs.

Question 7

चित्र में मानव श्वसन-तंत्र का एक आरेखी दुश्य दर्शाया गया है जिसमें चार नामांकन A,B,C और D दिए गए हैं। अंग की सही पहचान के साथ-साथ उसके प्रमुख कार्य और/अथवा विशिष्टता के विकल्प को चुनिए।

Accepted Answer

गैसीय विनिमय के लिए एलब्युलाई बहुत ही पतले अनियमित भित्तियुक्त थैलीनुमा संरचनाएँ होती हैं। ट्रैकियाई, ब्रांकाई तथा ब्रांकिओल्स अपूर्ण उपास्थि वलयों द्वारा आश्रित होते हैं। फेफड़े दोहरी परत से युक्त प्ल्यूरल झिल्ली से घिरे होते हैं तथा दोनों परतों के बीच प्ल्यूरल द्रव भरा होता है। इसका कार्य फेफड़े के सतह पर पड़ने वाले घर्षण को कम करना होता है।

Question 8

Which portion of the human respiratory system is called sound box?

Accepted Answer

Larynx is a cartilaginous box, which helps in sound production and hence called sound box. Until puberty, there is a little difference in the size of larynx (sound box) in males and females. Thereafter, it grows larger and becomes prominent in males. Therefore, it is called Adam’s apple in man. It is the first part of the trachea present in the neck.

Question 9

What is the function of region labelled as ‘A’ in the given diagram?

Accepted Answer

Larynx is present on tip of trachea and is made up of cartilages. It is a short tubular chamber and opens into the laryngopharynx by a slit-like aperture called glottis. It is more prominent in male than female due to male hormones. Inside the larynx, vocal cords are present. Sound is produced by true vocal cords.

Question 10

Larynx is present in between

Accepted Answer

Larynx is present in between the epiglottis and trachea

Question 11

Floating ribs of thoracic cage are

Accepted Answer

Usually, there are 12 pairs of ribs in humans. The first seven pairs of ribs are known as true ribs, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs are called false ribs and last two pairs (i.e., 11th and 12th pairs) are known as floating ribs.

Question 12

Which two of the following changes (I-IV) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?I.	Increase in red blood cell size.II.	Increase in red blood cell production.III.	Increased breathing rate.IV.	Increase in thrombocyte count.Changes occurring are :

Accepted Answer

When a person moves to higher altitudes, the pO2​ and total atmospheric pressure decrease. Hypoxia stimulates the JG-cells of the kidney to release erythropoietin hormone, which stimulates erythropoesis in bone marrow causing polycythemia. Hypoxia will also increase breathing rate. Initially, the size of RBCs will also increase but with increase in number of RBCs, the size of RBCs becomes normal.

Question 13

Identify the different parts of the respiratory system in accordance to their location given below -I. Posterior part of the pharynxII. Present at the glottisIII. In front of oesophagusChoose the correct option accordingly :

Accepted Answer

1. Posterior part of the pharynx - Nasopharynx2. Present at the glottis - Epiglottis3. The front of oesophagus - Trachea

Question 14

Exhalation is the process of expulsion of air through respiratory tract.
Which of the following figure does illustrate the process of exhalation?

Accepted Answer

Given diagram in option A clearly indicates that :(i) ribs going downward(ii) diaphragm contract or going upwardThese two sign indicates that the diagram depicts the process of expiration.

Question 15

Nasopharynx opens through the …A… of the larynx region into the …B…Choose the correct option for A and B to complete the given NCERT statement

Accepted Answer

A-glottis; B-tracheaNasopharynx opens through the glottis of the larynx region into the trachea.

Question 16

A muscular transverse partition in mammals that separates thorax from abdomen is called :

Accepted Answer

A muscular transverse partition in mammals that separates thorax from abdomen is called diaphragm.

Question 17

During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called …A… to prevent the entry of food into larynx. Trachea is a straight tube extending up to …B… cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into right and left primary …C…Choose the correct option for A, B and C from the given four options to complete the above statement with reference to NCERT textbook

Accepted Answer

A-epiglottis, B-mid thoracic, C-bronchiDuring swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into larynx. Trachea is a straight tube extending up to mid thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into right and left primary bronchi.

Question 18

'XX’ is a part of respiratory system that contains C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. ‘XX’ is lined with ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Identify ‘XX’

Accepted Answer

Trachea.Those rings keep the trachea open for all the time. They are C-shaped in order to allow the open end to face the oesophagus.

Question 19

Which part of the brain is called respiratory rhythm centre?

Accepted Answer

Medulla region.Neural system in humans regulates and modulates the respiratory rhythm.Respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata and pons varoli. These centre regulates the rate and the depth of breathing by controlling the contraction of diaphragm and other respiratory musclesMedulla oblongata contains inspiratory rhythm centre in the dorsal portion of the respiratory centre or in ventral portion of the brain.

Question 20

Which of the following statement is true regarding the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Trachea It is about four and half inches long with ‘C’ shaped rings of hyaline cartilage in its walls. These rings of cartilage makes the wall non-collapsible. It is internally lined by pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium. Cilia pushes out the mucous.

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