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Biology
Biology

Class 11

NCERT

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Chapter 1: The Living World

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2

Chapter 2: Biological Classification

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3

Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

12 questions

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4

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

15 questions

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5

Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

15 questions

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6

Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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7

Chapter 7: Structural Organization in Animals

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8

Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life

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9

Chapter 9: Biomolecules

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10

Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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11

Chapter 11: Transport in Plants

16 questions

12

Chapter 12: Mineral Nutrition

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13

Chapter 13: Photosysnthesis in Higher Plants

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14

Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants

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15

Chapter 15: Plant Growth and Development

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16

Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption

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17

Chapter 17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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18

Chapter 18: Body Fluids and Circulation

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Chapter 19: Excretory Products and their Elimination

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20

Chapter 20: Locomotion and Movement

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21

Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination

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22

Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

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Question
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Solving time: 6 mins

Differentiate between the following:
(a) Diffusion and Osmosis
(b) Transpiration and Evaporation
(c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential
(d) Imbibition and Diffusion
(e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants.
(f) Guttation and Transpiration.

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(a) Diffusion and Osmosis
 Diffusion Osmosis
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient. 1. Osmosis is the process in which the diffusion of a solvent (water) occurs across a semi-permeable membrane.
2. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases.  2. It occurs in the liquid medium.
3. It does not require a semi-permeable membrane. 3. It requires a semi-permeable membrane.
(b) Transpiration and Evaporation
 Transpiration Evaporation
 1. It occurs in plants. 1. It occurs from any free surface and involves living and non-living surfaces.

2. It is a physiological process. 2. It is a physical process.
 3. It occurs mainly through the stomatal pores on plant leaves. 3. It is occurs through any free surface.
 4. It is controlled by environmental factors as well as physiological factors of plants such as root-shoot ratio and number of stomata. 
 4. It is entirely driven by environmental factors.

(c) Osmotic pressure and Osmotic potential
Osmotic pressure
 Osmotic potential
1. It is expressed in bars with a positive sign.
1. It is expressed in bars with a negative sign.

2. It is a positive pressure.2. It is a negative pressure.
3. Its value increases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.3. Its value decreases with an increase in the concentration of solute particles.
(d) Imbibition and Diffusion:

Imbibition
Diffusion
1. Imbibition is a special type of diffusion. In this process, water is absorbed by solids and colloids, causing an enormous increase in volume.
1. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles, ions, and molecules along the concentration gradient.

2. It usually involves water.
2. It involves solids, liquids, and gases. 
(e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of water in plants

Apoplast pathway
Symplast pathway
1. The apoplast pathway involves the movement of water through the adjacent cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. The movement of water is restricted at the casparian strips of the root endodermis.
1. The symplast pathway involves the movement of water through the interconnected protoplasts of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and root pericycle.

2. It is a faster process of water movement and water moves through mass flow.
2. It is a slower process of water movement.
(f) Guttation and Transpiration
Guttation
 Transpiration
1. It occurs usually at night.
1. It occurs usually during the day.

2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of liquid droplets.
2. Water is lost from the leaves in the form of water vapour.
3. It occurs through the vein endings of leaves.
3. It occurs through the stomata.
4. It is an uncontrolled process.
4. It is a controlled process.
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Practice questions on similar concepts asked by Filo students

Question 1
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Text: Link: FlyLab JS (sciencecourseware.org) Five of the mutations in FlyLab are lethal when homozygous. When you select a lethal mutation from the Design view, the fly is made heterozygous for the mutant allele. If you select two lethal mutations that are on the same chromosome (same linkage group, or the "cis" arrangement), then the mutant alleles will be placed on different homologous chromosomes (the "trans" arrangement). Crosses involving lethal mutations will not show a deficit in the number of offspring. FlyLab removes the lethal genotypes from among the offspring and "rescales" the probabilities among the surviving genotypes. Hence, the total number of offspring will be the same as for crosses involving only nonlethal mutations. Perform the following crosses to demonstrate how Mendelian ratios can be modified by lethal mutations. Design a cross between two flies with aristapedia mutations for antennae shape. Mate these flies. What phenotypic ratio did you observe in the F1 generation? What were the phenotypes? Perform an F1 cross between two flies with the aristapedia phenotype. What phenotypic ratio did you observe in the F2 generation? How do these ratios and phenotypes explain that the aristapedia mutation functions as a lethal mutation? To convince yourself that the aristapedia allele is lethal in a homozygote compared with a heterozygote, perform a cross between a wild-type fly and a fly with the aristapedia mutation. What results did you obtain with this cross? Design a cross between two flies with curly wing shape and stubble bristles. Develop a hypothesis to predict the phenotypic ratio for the F1 generation. Mate these flies. What phenotypic ratio did you observe in the F1 generation? Test your hypothesis by Chi-square analysis. Repeat this procedure for an F1 cross between two flies that express the curly wing and stubble bristle phenotypes. Are the phenotypic ratios that you observed in the F2 generation consistent with what you would expect for a lethal mutation? Why or why not? Explain your answers.
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Question Text
Differentiate between the following:
(a) Diffusion and Osmosis
(b) Transpiration and Evaporation
(c) Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential
(d) Imbibition and Diffusion
(e) Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants.
(f) Guttation and Transpiration.
Updated OnMay 24, 2022
TopicTransport in Plants
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 11
Answer TypeText solution:1 Video solution: 2
Upvotes190
Avg. Video Duration7 min