Question 1

Assertion : Botany deals with the study of plants and zoology deals with the study of animals.Reason : Biology is the study of living beings.

Accepted Answer

Biology (Bio-living, logy-science). The study of living beings is called biology. Living beings on earth are mainly classified into two forms-plants and animals. Botany and zoology are the fundamental branches of biology. Word botany has been derived from greek word botane which means pasture or plants and zoology has been derived from word zoo-animals, logosstudy. Theophrastus and Aristotle is called the father of botany and father of zoology respectively.

Question 2

Assertion : Study of internal structure is called anatomy. Reason : It is useful for phylogentic study.

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after dissection. By studying anatomy of large number of organisms, it is useful for knowing phylogenetic similarity (homology) and phylogenetic dissimilarity (analogy).

Question 3

Assertion : The science of classifiying organisms is called taxonomy. Reason : Systematics and taxonomy have same meaning.

Accepted Answer

Taxonomy is the science of identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms. But taxonomy and systematics are different terms. Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with diversity of organisms at every level of classification.

Question 4

Assertion : Chemotaxonomy is classifying organisms at molecular level. Reason : Cytotaxonomy is classifying organisms at cellular level.

Accepted Answer

All the members of a species have similar karyotype (cytotaxonomy) - there is similarity in the number, size, shape and behaviour of chromosomes. At the molecular level, there is similarity in the types of proteins, enzymes, hormones and other biochemicals.

Question 5

Assertion: Living organisms are regarded as closed systems. Reason: Energy of living organisms can not be lost or gained from external environment.

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are regarded as open system as energy flow is the key function of an ecosystem.

Question 6

Assertion: Both internal as well as external growth is show by living organisms. Reason: Living organisms undergo the process known as accretion.

Accepted Answer

Living organisms show internal growth due to addition of materials and formation of cells inside the body. Such a method is called intussusception. While, non-living things grow due to addition of similar materials to their outer surface. The process is called accretion.

Question 7

Assertion: Metabolism refers to the sum of chemical reactions that occur within living organisms. Reason: Metabolic reactions occur simultaneously inside living organisms.

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are made of chemicals. These chemicals, small and big, belonging to various classes, sizes, functions, etc., are constantly being made and changed into some other biomolecules. These conversions are chemical reactions or metabolic reactions. There are thousands of metabolic reactions occurring simultaneously inside all living organisms, be they unicellular or multicellular.

Question 8

Assertion: One of the defining property of living organisms is consciousness. Reason: Human being is the only organism that has self consciousness.

Accepted Answer

All living organisms have an inherent ability to sense their surroundings or environment and respond to their environmental stimuli. Plants and animals both respond to the external stimuli. Responses of animals are rapid and can easily be observed because they escape by moving away from the site or environmental stress. The plants, on the other hand, cannot move. They face the stresses and adapt themselves by their slow physiological responses. Human beings are slightly different. They are the only organisms who are aware of themselves, i. e., have self -consciousness.

Question 9

Assertion: Living organisms are self replicating, evolving and self regulating unit. Reason: These are capable of responding to external stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Living beings are objects exhibiting growth, development, responsiveness and other characteristics of life. They have their own specific form and structure. Living organisms exhibit properties such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, consciousness, etc. Thus, living organisms are considered as self replicating, evolving and self regulatory interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli, sharing a common genetic material to varying degree both horizontally and vertically.

Question 10

Assertion: All organisms reproduce for perpetuation of a population. Reason: Reproduction is an all inclusive characteristic of living organisms.

Accepted Answer

Reproduction is the formation of new individuals of the similar kind. Reproduction is not essential for survival of the individuals. It is required for perpetuation of a population. Many organisms do not reproduce, e.g., mules, sterile worker bees, infertile human couples. Therefore, reproduction is not an all inclusive characteristic of living organism.

Question 11

Assertion: Living organisms possess specific individuality with the definite shape and size. Reason: Both living and non living entities resemble each other at the lower level of organization.

Accepted Answer

Both living and non-living entities resemble each other at the lower level of organization.

Question 12

Assertion: The growth in living organisms is from inside. Reason : Plants grow only upto certain age.

Accepted Answer

Growth is the act or process, or a manner of growing; development; gradual increase. It is an exclusive event in majority of the higher animals and plants. In plants, growth occurs continuously throughout their life span and in animal, growth is seen only up to a certain age. In living organisms, growth is from inside. Therefore, it cannot be taken as a defining property of living organisms.

Question 13

Assertion: Growth in living organism occurs by division of cells and increase in biomass. Reason: Growth in living organism occurs by accumulation of material by external agency.

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of material by external agency cause extrinsic growth which can not be the feature of living organism.

Question 14

Assertion: Consciousness and response to stimuli can be considered as defining property of living organism. Reason: The external environmental stimuli can be physical, chemical or biological.

Accepted Answer

All organisms, from primitive prokaryotes to most advanced and complex eukaryotes, are able to sense and respond to environmental factors. The stimuli are perceived by sense organs in higher animals through sensory receptors e.g. eyes, ears, nose. Plants do not possess such sense organs. However, they do respond to external factors such as light, water, temperature, pollutants, other organism, etc. Human beings have an additional facility of self conciousness (awareness of self). Consciousness and response to stimuli are said to be the defining properties of living organisms.

Question 15

Assertion: Reproduction cannot be refered as defining property of living organism. Reason: There are some living organism that do not reproduce e.g. mules, worker bees, infertile human, etc.

Accepted Answer

A mule is a hybrid of male donkey and female horse. It inherited size and intelligence from the horse and firm footedness, great tolerance and ability to live on rough food from the donkey. However, with all its hybrid vigour, the mule is sexually sterile (i.e. unable to reproduce) and have to be produced every time anew. Honey bees are colonial, social and polymorphic insects. Three types of individuals (castes) are found in the colony of honey bees: (i) Queen which is fertile female. (ii) Drones which are males. (iii) Workers are sterile females and perform various duties of the colony. A large number of couples are infertile. It means they are unable to produce children inspite of unprotected sexual activities. Thus, inability to conceive or produce children even after unprotected sexual cohabitation is called as infertility.

Question 16

Assertion: A living organism is unexceptionally differentiated from a non living structure in the basis of responsiveness. Reason: Response to stimuli is a defining property of living organism.

Accepted Answer

All organisms from primitive prokaryotes to most advanced and complex eukaryotes are able to sense and respond to environmental factors. The stimuli are perceived by sense organs in higher animals through sensory receptors. Consciousness and response to stimuli are said to be the defining properties of living organism.

Question 17

Assertion: In fungi, vegetative reproduction occurs by fragmentation and budding. Reason: Asexual reproduction in fungi, occurs through formation of asexual spores.

Accepted Answer

In fungi, vegetative reproduction occurs by fragmentation, budding (yeast), sclerotia, rhizomorphs, etc. Asexual reproduction occurs through formation of asexual spores such as zoospores, sporangiospores, chlamydospores, oidia, coidia, etc.

Question 18

Assertion : Whittaker's classification for algae is not acceptable. Reason : Whittaker grouped algae in different kingdoms.

Accepted Answer

In Whittaker's classification, algae are grouped in three kingdoms - Monera (blue-green algae), Protista (dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids) and Plantae (red algae, brown algae and green algae). Though plant kingdom of Whittaker is often called metaphyta or multicellular plants, the algae included in this kingdom also contain a number of unicellular and colonial forms. The most accepted classification of algae is given by Fritsch. He classified all algae into 11 classes.

Question 19

Assertion : Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with classification of living organisms. Reason : The aim of classification is to group the organisms.

Accepted Answer

Systematics is related with classification, of organisms. In classification, the organisms are grouped on the basis of their characters or phylogeny, etc.

Question 20

Assertion : To give scientific name to plant, there is ICBN. Reason : It uses articles, photographs and recommendations to name a plant.

Accepted Answer

Anyone can study, describe, identify and give a name to an organism provided certain rules are followed. These rules are formed and standardised by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). It uses articles, photographs and recommendations.

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Solutions for NEET Question Bank i Biology for AIIMS by Ekta Bhagat

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