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Biology In Human Welfare

Solution for Class 11, Biology, Biology In Human Welfare

Question 101

According to American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR, 1983), "Mental retardation is the reduction in the average level of normal intellectual activity which results in a loss in adaptive behaviour and this is expressed during the developmental period." On the basis of the above definition, it can be said that a person is unable to accomplish his intellectual tasks. e.g., learning, use of logic power, resolving problems, etc.

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Question 102

Efforts are being made to remove the term 'disability' from the dictionary in today's scenario. As we pronounce this term, the face of the disadvantaged people appears to us. It is true that for the last few years this specific class was introduced with the term 'disabled'. But, now they are addressed as the people with different abilities. This class has been special since the beginning whether it was because of being the weakest class of society, due to differentiation or because of having some different ability.

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Question 103

The envelope protein gp120 (Glycoprotein 120 ) is required for the attachment of the HIV virus to CD 4 receptors of target host cells. Identify the immune cells that consist of CD 4 receptors:

Thelper cells
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

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Question 104

1. He was just a tecnager when he died. The last heir of a powerful fumly that had ruled Egypt and its empire for centuries, he was laid to rest laden with gold and eventually forgotten. Since the discovery of his tomb in 1922, the modern world has speculated about what happened to him, with murder being the most extreme possibility. Now, leaving his tomb for the first time in almost 80 years Tut has undergone a

CT

sean that offers new clues about his life and deathand provides precise data for an accurate forensic reconstruction of the boyis pharaoh. (35)

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Question 105

Excretory Products Elimination: Victory Ba Excretory Products and 1. Brush border is characteristic of

neck of nephron
collecting tube
proximal convoluted tubule
All the above.

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Question 106

Yellow colour of faeces is due to

Excessive turmeric
Bile
Degradation product of haemoglobin
None of the above

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Question 107

Biological Classification protista? 41. Red tide is because of

desmids
gonyaulax
euglena
red algae

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Question 108

Chemical Weathering Processes A group of weathering processes viz; solution, carbonation, hydration. oxidation and reduction act on the rocks to decompose, dissolve or reduce them to a fine clastic state through chemical reactions by oxygen, surface and/or soil water and other acids. Water and air (oxygen and carbon dioxide) along with heat must be present to speed up all chemical reactions. Over and above the carbon dioxide present in the air, decomposition of plants and animals increases the quantity of carbon dioxide underground. These chemical reactions on various minerals are very much similar to the chemical reactions in a laboratory.

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Question 109

Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecule on earth, are produced by (1) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells. (2) fungi, algae and green plant cells. (3) all bacteria, fungi and algae. (4) viruses, fungi and bacteria. Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterized? (1) Lecithin - A phosphorylated glyceride found in cell membrane.

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Question 110

Phospholipids are important cell membrane constituents because they

contain glycerol
combine covalently with proteins
contain polar and non-polar parts
can form bilayers in water.

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Question 111

All living forms on earth depend on for energy.

Sun
Electricity
Volcanic eruption
Moon

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Question 112

Fortnightly Test-2 (TYMRG4 Code-A4) 86. A sugar molecule formed by joining two monosaccharides and by loss of only one water molecule

Can be called a disaccharide
Will have at least two glycosidic bonds
Is always known as a monosaccharide sugar
Will always be a polymer of fructose

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Question 113

A mule is produced by

cross-breeding
outcrossing
inbreeding
interspecific hybridisation

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Question 114

U3 80 TRUEMAN'S ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY

+ 1

proteins while unrelated species have fewer common proteins. Thus protein proximity shows evolutionary relationship. Proteins are variously folded linear heteropolymers of amino acids. The linear poly mess of aminoacids are called nolypentides A protein may have one polypeptide (monomeric proteins, e.g., myoglobin, ribonuclease), two polypeptides (e.g., insulin), four polypeptides (

2 a, 2 b

in haemoglobin) or more ( 24 in ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and 72 in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex). A protein having two or more polypeptides is called multimer or multimeric protein. The common multimers are dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers and decamers. A polypeptide contains from a few (21 and 30 in the two polypeptides of human insulin, 97 in spinach ferredoxin) to a few hundred amino acid residues ( 582 in human serum albumin). The amino acids are linked serially by peptide bonds

(- CONH -)

formed between amino group

(- NH_{2})

of one amino acid and carboxylic group

(- COOH)

of the adjacent one. Collagen is most abundant protein of animal worlda Rubisco (ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is not only the most abundant protein in plants but also the whole biosphere. Organisation (Levels of Structure) While physicists study three dimensional structures of macromolecules, biologists study protein structure upto four levels of organisation-primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary. 1. Primary Structure (Fig. 9.12). It is the description of basic structure of a protein. This includes number of polypeptides, number and sequence of amino latter is determined genetically (by DNA) through transcription and translation. Specific amino acids determine the places where polypeptides are to bend or fold and where the different lengths will be attracted to each other. The distance between two adjacent pentide bonds is about

0.35

of the protein primary structure is represented by the first amino Fig. 9.12. Primary structure of a protein.

N

and

C

represent acid

(N)

while the right end is first and last termini. Three letter and one letter codę of represented by last amino acid (C).

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Question 115

Can a cancer person,who's suffering through blood vomit, could he take glucose drip? vivo V2o

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Question 116

post fertilisation developments Porphyra (Figure 3. 1c), Gracil 3.2 BRYOPHYTES liven by Bryophytes include the variou

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Question 117

our acquired immune response - antibody mediated. The second type is called cell-mediated immune response or cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The T-lymphocytes mediate CMI. Very often, when some human organs like heart, eye, liver, kidney fail to function satisfactorily, wansplantation is the only remedy to enable the patient to live a normal life. Then a search begins - to find a suitable donor. Why is it that the organs cannot be taken from just anybody? What is it that the doctors

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Question 118

In case of RNA, Uracil substitutes thymine of DNA. Purine, pyrimidine equality is of com not found in RNA molecule because of its single it is stranded structure. RNA strand is usually found Each folded upon itself in certain regions or entirely. acid. These foldings helps in stability of the RNA on tR molecule. Most of the RNA polynucleotide / amir chains start either with adenine or guanine. bindir Three types of cellular RNAs have been recogr distinguished: (a) messenger RNA (mRNA) or site. transfer RNA (tRNA) or soluble RNA mRNA carries genetic information for mRN arranging amino acids in definite sequence. It at the is a linear polynucleotide. It accounts

3%

of tRNA cellular RNA. Its molecular weight is several million. mRNA molecule carrying information to form a complete polypeptide chain is called cistron. Size of mRNA is related to the size of message it contains. Synthesis of mRNA begins at

5^{'}

'end of DNA strand and terminates at 3' end. Cistron

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Question 119

It is also single stranded but to numbe of complementary base sequences after pairing it is shaped like clover-leaf (Holley,1965) Each tRNA can pick up particular amine acid. Following four parts can be recognized on tRNA 1) DHU arm (Dihydroxyuracil loop I amino acid recognition site 2) Amino acid binding site 3) Anticodon loop / codon recognition site 4) Ribosome recognition site. In the anticodon loop of tRNA, three unpaired nucleotides are present called as anticodon which pair with codon present on

mRNA

. The specific amino acids is attached at the

3^{'}

end in acceptor stem of clover leaf of tRNA.

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Question 120

REVIEW TEST 04 SEPT., 2022 38. Mark the correct statement out of the following :

Pepsinogen is an active enzyme.
Enterokinase is produced by duodenum mucosa.
Hormone gastrin is produced by gastric glands along with gastric juice.
Brunner's glands are present in mucosa of duodenum.

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Solution for Class 11, Biology, Biology In Human Welfare

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