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Section (C): Covalent Bond, Coordinate Bond and Octet Rule C-1. The maximum covalency of representative elements is equal to (excluding 1 st and 2 nd period) :

  1. the number of unpaired p-electrons
  2. the number of paired d-electrons
  3. the number of unpaired and -electrons
  4. the actual number of and -electrons in the outermost shell.
Section (C): Covalent Bond, Coordinate Bond and Octet Rule C-1. The ma
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4.20.3. Comparison of dipole moments of and A typical case Both and molecules have pyramidal shapes with one lone pair of electrons on atom. fluorine is highly electronegative, it appears that bond should be more polar and the net dipole moment of should be much greater than that of . However, actually the dipole moment of or is much smaller than that of or . This is explained on the basis of the following two reasons. (i) The dipole formed between the lone pair and atom has to be taken into consideration which is in the direction of the lone pair. (ii) is more electronegative than , therefore direction of bond is from in whereas is more electronegative than , the direction of the bond is from to at may be noted that electronegativity difference between and , i.e., and between and , i.e. is nearly samei) Thus, whereas resultant moment of bonds adds up to the bond moment of lone pair, that of lone pair. Hence, the net dipole moment of is less thrair that of . 4.200.4. Applications of Dipole Moment (1) In determining the polarity of bonds. As , obviously, greater is the magnitude of dipole moment, higher will be the polarity of the bond. But in the strict sense, this concept is applicable to molecules containing only one polar bond. For example, polarity of molecules is in the order : (1.78) (0.38 D) Eurther, in case of non-polar molecules like etc. the dipole This is because there is no charge separation in these molecules, i.e., . Thu be used to distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules. (2) In the calculation of percentage ionic character. Tf examples : Sample Problem 1 Calculate the percent ionic moment is and bond length of is . Solution. If were ionic, each end would
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Question Text
Section (C): Covalent Bond, Coordinate Bond and Octet Rule C-1. The maximum covalency of representative elements is equal to (excluding 1 st and 2 nd period) :
Updated OnJan 4, 2023
TopicChemical Bonding
SubjectChemistry
ClassClass 11
Answer Type Video solution: 3
Upvotes264
Avg. Video Duration14 min