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potential and the events described above are repeated in that sequence

potential and the events described above are repeated in that sequence and the process continues. This sequential event in the heart which is cyclically repeated is called the cardiac cycle and it consists of systole cardiac cycle is seconds. During a cardiac cycle, each ventricle pumps out ded the duration of a the cardiac output. Therefore, the cardiac output can be defined as the vole (no. of beats per min.) gives ventricle per minute and averages or 5 litres in a healthy individual. the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output. For example, the cability to alter an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man. During outpute of of oxample, the cardiac output of are produced which can be easily heard through a sterdiac cycle two prominent sounds the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valthescope. The first heart sound (lub) is associated with

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Board \& Competitive Exams (Level-1) Body Fluids and Circulation 55 (iii) Granulocytes: Granulocytes are of three types: (a) Eosinophils: Eosinophils (2-3 percent) have a nucleus with two lobes (bilobed). They have coarse granules which contain hydrolytic enzymes and peroxidases. The eosinophils have antihistaminic properties. They resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions. The number of eosinophils increases during allergic conditions such as asthma and hay fever. They also hêlp in dissolving blood clot. They seem to play a part in the immune system. They have some similarity to lysosomes (cell organelle). Eosinophils can attach themselves to parasitic forms and cause their destruction by liberating lysosomal enzymes on their surfaces. (b) Basophils: They are least abundant (0.5-1 percent) of the total WBCs. In these cells the nucleus is generally three-lobed. The cells secrete serotonin, heparin (an anti-coagulant) and histamine (a chemical involved in inflammation) etc. (c) Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL): They are the most abundant cells (60-65 percent) of the total WBCs. They are phagocytic in nature. They commonly squeeze between the cells of the capillary walls and wander through the intercellular spaces. From here they move to infected areas of the body. They engulf and digest disease causing bacteria. Formation: Formation of leucocytes is called leucopoiesis. It takes place in the bone marrow. " B-lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow itself but T-lymphocytes mature in thymus. Life span: Once released from the bone marrow, the life of the granulocytes is normally 4 to 8 hours when circulating in the blood and about 4 to 5 days in the tissues. The monocytes have life span of 10-20 hours whereas the lymphocytes have life spans of few days or months, or even years. Leucocytosis : Rise in the WBC count is called leucocytosis. It usually occurs at the site of infection. (3) Thrombocytes (Blood platelets) : Thrombocytes are the smallest of the formed elements. Number: Blood normally contains platelets of blood. Shape and structure: Thrombocytes are cell fragments rather than true cells. They are rounded or oval disc-like bodies. They lack nuclei and contain a few cell organelles and secretory granules in them. Formation: They are produced from special cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes. Life span: Normal life span of blood platelets is about a week. They are destroyed in the spleen and liver. Function : They play an important role in blood clotting. Platelets can release a variety of substances most of which are involved in coagulation of blood. They constitute most of the mass of the clot and activate the clotting factors in plasma that results in formation of threads of fibrin. - A reduction in the number of platelets is called thrombocytopenia which leads to excessive loss of blood from the body. Purpura is a group of bleeding diseases due to thrombocytopenia.
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potential and the events described above are repeated in that sequence and the process continues. This sequential event in the heart which is cyclically repeated is called the cardiac cycle and it consists of systole cardiac cycle is seconds. During a cardiac cycle, each ventricle pumps out ded the duration of a the cardiac output. Therefore, the cardiac output can be defined as the vole (no. of beats per min.) gives ventricle per minute and averages or 5 litres in a healthy individual. the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output. For example, the cability to alter an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man. During outpute of of oxample, the cardiac output of are produced which can be easily heard through a sterdiac cycle two prominent sounds the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valthescope. The first heart sound (lub) is associated with
Updated OnDec 30, 2022
TopicHuman Physiology
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 11
Answer Type Video solution: 1
Upvotes135
Avg. Video Duration8 min