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Functions of Nucleotides : Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides polymeris

Functions of Nucleotides : Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides polymerise to form nucleic acids. Higher purte and pyrimidine nucleotides, particularly ATP, store energy in their high-energy phosphate bonds: They are forme: during photosynthesis and respiration. Hydrolysis of the phosphate bonds of ATP releases their bond enemg for driving energy-dependent reactions and processes. Nicotinamide and riboflavin nucleotides act as coenzymes of oxidising enzymes. EXERCISE 41. All the following statements are correct about enzymes, but one is wrong. Select the incorrect statement.

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for every change in either direction. Catalysed reactions proceed at rates vastly higher than that of uncatalysed ones. When enzyme catalysed reactions are observed, the rate would be vastly higher than the same but uncatalysed reaction. For example In the absence of any enzyme this reaction is very slow, with about 200 molecules of being formed in an hour. However, by using the enzyme present within the cytoplasm called carbonic anhydrase, the reaction speeds dramatically with about 600,000 molecules being formed every second. The enzyme has accelerated the reaction rate by about 10 million times. The power of enzymes is incredible indeed! There are thousands of types of enzymes each catalysing a unique chemical or metabolic reaction. A multistep chemical reaction, when each of the steps is catalysed by the same enzyme complex or different enzymes, is called a metabolic pathway. For example, is actually a metabolic pathway in which glucose becomes pyruvic acid through ten different enzyme catalysed metabolic reactions. When you study respiration in Chapter 14 you will study these reactions. At this stage you should know that this very metabolic pathway with one or two additional reactions gives rise to a variety of metabolic end products. In our skeletal muscle, under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid is formed. Under normal aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is formed. In yeast, during fermentation, the same pathway leads to the production of ethanol (alcohol). Hence, in different conditions different products are possible. 9.12.2 How do Enzymes bring about such High Rates of Chemical Conversions? To understand this we should study enzymes a little more. We have already understood the idea of an 'active site'. The chemical or metabolic conversion refers to a reaction. The chemical which is converted into a product is called a 'substrate'. Hence enzymes, i.e. proteins with three dimensional structures including an 'active site', convert a substrate (S) into a product (P). Symbolically, this can be depicted as: It is now understood that the substrate 'S' has to bind the enzyme at its 'active site' within a given cleft or pocket. The substrate has to diffuse
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Functions of Nucleotides : Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides polymerise to form nucleic acids. Higher purte and pyrimidine nucleotides, particularly ATP, store energy in their high-energy phosphate bonds: They are forme: during photosynthesis and respiration. Hydrolysis of the phosphate bonds of ATP releases their bond enemg for driving energy-dependent reactions and processes. Nicotinamide and riboflavin nucleotides act as coenzymes of oxidising enzymes. EXERCISE 41. All the following statements are correct about enzymes, but one is wrong. Select the incorrect statement.
Updated OnFeb 8, 2023
TopicCell: Structure and Functions
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 12
Answer Type Video solution: 1
Upvotes104
Avg. Video Duration16 min