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(a) Leptotene. The centrioles, already duplicated, move apart in pairs

(a) Leptotene. The centrioles, already duplicated, move apart in pairs. Astral rays appear around each pir of centrioles to form an aster. Spindle begins to develop between the centriole pairs. Chromosomes ifferentiate from chromatin fibres. They are very long, fine filaments (G. leptos = fine; tene = thread). They are double, each consisting of two identical chromatids due to DNA replication during premeiotic iterphase. The chromatids are, however, very closely adhered together and are indistinct (Fig. 11.14). Each chromosome is attached by both of its ends to the nuclear matrix that lines the nuclear envelope with the help of a specialized structure termed the attachment plate.

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smaller starch grains. After and the seeds are wrinkled. Heterozygotes produce round seed, so seems to be the dominant allele. But; the starch grains produc. of intermediate size in seeds. So if starch grain size is considef the phenotype, then from this angle, the alleles show incom dominance. Therefore, dominance is not an autonomous feature of a gene product that it has information for. It depends as much on the product and the production of a particular phenotype from this p: as it does on the particular phenotype that we choose to examine, more than one phenotype is influenced by the same gene. 5.3 Inheritance of Two Genes Mendel also worked with and crossed pea plants that differed characters, as is seen in the cross between a pea plant that has seeds yellow colour and round shape and one that had seeds of green a and wrinkled shape (Figure5.7). Mendel found that the seeds resi from the crossing of the parents, had yellow coloured and round sh seeds. Here can you tell which of the characters in the pairs yel green colour and round/wrinkled shape was dominant? Thus, yellow colour was dominant over green and rounds dominant over wrinkled. These results were identical to those that when he made separate monohybrid crosses between yellow and \& seeded plants and between round and wrinkled seeded plânts. Let us use the genotypic symbols for dominant yellow seed a and for recessive green seed colour, for round shaped seeds andt wrinkled seed shape. The genotype of the parents can then be writte RRYY and rryy. The cross between the two plants can be writtend as in Figure 5.7 showing the genotypes of the parent plants. The gall and ry unite on fertilisation to produce the hybrid . II Mendel self hybridised the plants he found that of plants yellow seeds and had green. The yellow and green colour segres Figure 5.7 in a 3:1 ratio. Round and wrinkled seed shape also segregated in ratio; just like in a monohybrid cross.
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(a) Leptotene. The centrioles, already duplicated, move apart in pairs. Astral rays appear around each pir of centrioles to form an aster. Spindle begins to develop between the centriole pairs. Chromosomes ifferentiate from chromatin fibres. They are very long, fine filaments (G. leptos = fine; tene = thread). They are double, each consisting of two identical chromatids due to DNA replication during premeiotic iterphase. The chromatids are, however, very closely adhered together and are indistinct (Fig. 11.14). Each chromosome is attached by both of its ends to the nuclear matrix that lines the nuclear envelope with the help of a specialized structure termed the attachment plate.
Updated OnJul 24, 2022
TopicGenetics and Evolution
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 11
Answer Type Video solution: 1
Upvotes77
Avg. Video Duration10 min