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Tissue plasminogen activators (TPAs) are human proteins that are used as drugs to break down blood clots.
TPAs break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein that is always present in the blood.
When activated, plasminogen forms a protease that breaks down fibrin molecules.
(i) Plasminogen is found in the plasma.
State what is meant by the term plasma.
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the products of the action of protease on the protein fibrin.
.....................................................................................................................................
TPAs can be produced by genetically-engineered bacteria.
Figure below shows some of the stages involved in genetically engineering a bacterium to make a TPA.
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Tissue plasminogen activators (TPAs) are human proteins that are used as drugs to break down blood clots.
TPAs break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein that is always present in the blood.
When activated, plasminogen forms a protease that breaks down fibrin molecules.
(i) Plasminogen is found in the plasma.
State what is meant by the term plasma.
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the products of the action of protease on the protein fibrin.
.....................................................................................................................................
TPAs can be produced by genetically-engineered bacteria.
Figure below shows some of the stages involved in genetically engineering a bacterium to make a TPA.
TPAs break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein that is always present in the blood.
When activated, plasminogen forms a protease that breaks down fibrin molecules.
(i) Plasminogen is found in the plasma.
State what is meant by the term plasma.
.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the products of the action of protease on the protein fibrin.
.....................................................................................................................................
TPAs can be produced by genetically-engineered bacteria.
Figure below shows some of the stages involved in genetically engineering a bacterium to make a TPA.
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(i) Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma.
Plasma is about 92% water. It also contains 7% vital proteins such as albumin, gamma globulin and anti-hemophilic factor, and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins.
(ii) The action of protease on the protein fibrin causes break down of fibrin (protein) into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids.
Plasma is about 92% water. It also contains 7% vital proteins such as albumin, gamma globulin and anti-hemophilic factor, and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins.
(ii) The action of protease on the protein fibrin causes break down of fibrin (protein) into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids.
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| Question Text | Tissue plasminogen activators (TPAs) are human proteins that are used as drugs to break down blood clots. TPAs break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein that is always present in the blood. When activated, plasminogen forms a protease that breaks down fibrin molecules. (i) Plasminogen is found in the plasma. State what is meant by the term plasma. ..................................................................................................................................... (ii) State the products of the action of protease on the protein fibrin. ..................................................................................................................................... TPAs can be produced by genetically-engineered bacteria. Figure below shows some of the stages involved in genetically engineering a bacterium to make a TPA. |
| Topic | Transport in mammals |
| Subject | Biology |
| Class | Grade 11 |
| Answer Type | Text solution:1 |
| Upvotes | 106 |
