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The process of formation of microspore from the microspore mother cell is called megasporogenesis. The above statement is:

A
True

B
False

C
Sometimes (a) and sometimes (b)

D
Neither (a) nor (b)

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Microspore mother cell and pollen mother cell are the same term and form male gametes (pollens) by the process called microsporogenesis. Megasporogenesis refers to the development of megaspores from the megasporocyte, the cell that undergoes meiosis. Meiosis of the megasporocyte nucleus results in the formation of four haploid megaspore nuclei. In most taxa, meiosis is followed by cytokinesis, resulting in four megaspore cells.
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The animation describes the following types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Briefly summarize how each type of vaccine triggers an immune response. (Hint: Remember that the immune system responds specifically to antigens.)
  1. Inactive whole virus: This type of vaccine contains the entire SARS-CoV-2 virus that has been inactivated or killed. When the vaccine is administered, the immune system recognizes the viral antigens present on the surface of the inactivated virus. This recognition triggers an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. In the future, if the person is exposed to the live virus, their immune system will be prepared to mount a rapid and effective response.
  2. Antigen proteins: This type of vaccine contains specific proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 virus that are known to trigger an immune response. These proteins, also known as antigens, are isolated and purified. When the vaccine is given, the immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response. This response involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. If the person encounters the actual virus later on, their immune system will be able to recognize and respond to it more effectively.
  3. mRNA (genetic instructions): This type of vaccine uses a small piece of genetic material called messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA in the vaccine carries the instructions to produce a specific viral protein, such as the spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. When the vaccine is injected, the mRNA enters the cells and instructs them to produce the viral protein. The immune system recognizes this protein as foreign and mounts an immune response, generating antibodies and activating immune cells. This immune response provides protection if the person is exposed to the actual virus in the future.
  4. DNA (genetic instructions): This type of vaccine uses a small piece of DNA that contains the genetic instructions to produce viral proteins. Similar to mRNA vaccines, the DNA in the vaccine enters cells and instructs them to produce specific viral proteins. The immune system recognizes these proteins as foreign and initiates an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. This immune response provides protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus if the person encounters it later on.
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Question Text
The process of formation of microspore from the microspore mother cell is called megasporogenesis. The above statement is:
TopicSexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
SubjectBiology
ClassClass 12
Answer TypeText solution:1
Upvotes124