Question 1

What are the advantage of classifying organisms?

Accepted Answer

Earth is inhabited by more than millions of living organisms. It is impossible for an individual to name and and memorise each of these living organisms. Hence, a system is required to categorise these organisms into groups for better understanding. These arrangement in groups is nothing but a way to classify an organism on the basis of similarity it shares with other organism or group of organisms. Classifying an organism also helps us to study the course of evolution.

Question 2

How would you choose between two characteristic to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?

Accepted Answer

For classifying an organism in a hierarchical fashion, the most fundamental and visible character is first taken into consideration. For example- plants differ from animals in having chloroplast and lacking locomotion, lacking a cell wall. But, only locomotion is considered as the most basic characteristic of classification. After choosing the fundamental, basic characteristic one can further classify the organism on the basis of the first feature chosen.

Question 3

Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.

Accepted Answer

Basis Of Clasiffication:(a) Number of cells(b) Layer of cells(c) Presence or absence of cell wall(d) Mode of nutrition(e) Level Of organization

Question 4

What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?

Accepted Answer

Kingdom Plantae are divided into 5 major divisions: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. The kingdom Plantae is classified on the basis of:1. Whether the plant body is differentiated or undifferentiated.2. Whether the plant produces seeds or not.3. Whether the seeds produced are naked or enclosed within the fruits.4. Whether the differentiated plant body possesses specialized tissue for water and food transportation.

Question 5

How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?

Accepted Answer

Classification of plant is different than the classification of animals. In plants, classification is based on the morphology of the plants (i.e., differentiated or undifferentiated plant body, with or without seeds, naked seeds or seeds inside fruits, etc) whereas in animals, classification is mainly on the basis body design of an animal (i.e., presence or absence of a notochord).

Question 6

Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.

Accepted Answer

Vertebrates are classified into further subgroups on following bases:1. Pisces: Typically lives in water. It has a streamlined body. Locomotion is carried out with the help of muscular tail. Body is covered with scales. Paired gills are present; which can breathe oxygen dissolved in water. Animals are cold blooded. They lay eggs. Possesses 2 chambered heart.2. Amphibia: These animals can live both, on land and in water. The animals breathe through skin when in water and through lungs when on land. Animals are cold-blooded.3. Reptilia: Crawling movement is observed in animals classified under Reptilia. Scales are seen. Most of the reptilians have three chambered heart but crocodile has four-chambered heart. 4. Aves: These animals are evolved for flight. The body is covered with feathers. Wings are modified from fore-limbs. Animals are warm blooded. Possesses 4 chambered heart. Bones are hollow (pneumatic); which assists in flying. This class comprises of all birds.5. Mammalia: Hair covers the body. Sweat and sebaceous glands are observed. Mammary glands are present in females and are used for nourishing the young ones. Most of the animals of this class are viviparous. Some of the mammals lay eggs and are called as oviparous.

Question 7

Unscramble the names of plants whose leaves are used.1. As plates to serve food -  NAABAN2. To make roof of huts - LMPA3. For making 'Torans' for decorating door - ANMGO4. For decorating hands - AHEN

Accepted Answer

1. BANANA2. PALM3. MANGO4. HENA

Question 8

Select the Incorrect statement regarding Rhizopus.

Accepted Answer

The spores of Rhizopus are covered by thick wall that protect them until they come into contact with moist surface. They have Tiny blob-on-a-stick like structures. The blobs are called sporangia, which contain cells, or spores, that can eventually develop into new Rhizopus individuals.Rhizopus consists of two kinds of hyphae, namely vegetative and reproductive hyphae. Vegetative hyphae differentiate into two types, namely stolon and rhizoids and the reproductive hyphae turn into sporangiophores.Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mould.

Question 9

Which the following fish is marine:-

Accepted Answer

Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. Whereas rest are freshwater fishes.

Question 10

Give scientific reasons.Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it can not be included in class - Amphibia.

Accepted Answer

Tortoise belongs to the class reptilia and does not show any characteristic which is similar to the class amphibia except that it can live in both land and water. Tortoise are classified under the class reptilia and not the class Amphibia as it has the following features:1. The body is covered with scales.2. Breathing occurs with lungs. The gills are not visible in any phase of life.3. They do not lay eggs in water.4. Their eggs are surrounded by hard shells and not by gelatinous coverings.These features make tortoises reptiles and not amphibians.

Question 11

Which amongst the following shows the characters of both plants and animals?i. Anabaena ii. Paramecium iii. Euglena iv. Amoeba

Accepted Answer

Euglena is an organism sharing both characteristics of plants and animals.- Plant Characteristics of Euglena: It has chlorophyll for photosynthesis. It uses holophytic mode of nutrition if light is present. Possession of pyrenoid. Carbohydrate or food is stored in form of starch granules.- Animal Characteristics of Euglena: Possession of an eye part for light deflection. Possession of pellicle. Possession of a gullet and a food reservoir. Possession of flagellum for movement. Possession of contractile vacuole for excretion and osmoregulation.

Question 12

Give scientific reasons. i) Body of Pisces is stream lined.ii) Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.

Accepted Answer

i) Fishes have streamlined body so that it can reduce friction in water and thus helping the fishes to move easily.ii) Presence of oxygen during aerobic breakdown of glucose produces water and carbon dioxide along with the release of a large amount of energy. Hence, oxygen is necessary for the complete oxidation of glucose.

Question 13

Select the incorrect statement regarding Rhizopus.

Accepted Answer

Rhizopus species generally grow on bread, hence, the name bread mould.Zygospores -produced as a result of sexual reproduction, enlarge and become thick-walled and resistant to adverse environmental conditions.Tiny blob-on-a-stick like structures involved in reproduction are called hyphae. The blobs are called sporangia, which contain cells, or spores, that can eventually develop into new Rhizopus individuals.Rhizopus fungi are characterized by a body of branching mycelia composed of three types of hyphae: stolons, rhizoids, and usually unbranching sporangiophores. Hence, all hyphae are not reproductive in function, some are vegetative in nature .

Question 14

Write "True" or "False"1) Fish is an aquatic animal.3) Cow is a carnivores animal.3) The edge of a leaf is called leaf margin.4) Amoeba is a multicellular animal.

Accepted Answer

1) True- Fish are aquatic vertebrate animals that have gills but lack limbs with digits, like fingers or toes.2) False- Cow are herbivores, which means they grass and other plants.3) True- The edge of the leaf is called the margin.4) False- The amoeba is not a multicellular organism instead amoeba is a unicellular organism.

Question 15

An organism considered to be between living and non-living is

Accepted Answer

Scientists categorize viruses as neither living nor non-living. This is due to the fact the viruses possess the characteristic of both the living and the non-living. For instance, viruses can reproduce inside a host just like any other living organisms, but this ability to reproduce is lost when the virus is outside the host cell. This is because, viruses do not have the cellular machinery that is required to multiply, hence they hijack a living cell.

Question 16

Describe the external morphology of Herdmania.

Accepted Answer

Herdmania is a marine animal that generally lives at the bottom of the ocean floor, remains in a sessile state. - The shape of Herdmania: Adult Herdmania has a laterally compressed sac or bag-like structure, it almost looks like a purse bag or potato, the shape of the whole body is rectangular or oblong. - Size of Herdmania: Adult Herdmania is 9 cm to 13 cm in length, 8-9 cm broad and 4 cm to 4.5 cm thick, the foot part is narrower than the upper part of the body. - Colour of Herdmania: Living Herdmania has a pinkish appearance due to the highly vascularized test and red patches present on the test, red patches are due to vascular ampullae. - Different Parts of Body in Herdmania: Body Proper: On the upper broadside of the body is known as body proper, at the free end body proper has two tube-like structures, one is branchial siphon and another one is an atrial siphon.The lower part of the body is known as the foot which is formed by only a test or tunic and the shape of the foot region is irregular. Different particles like shells of different marine animals, other particles, sand attached to the foot region.

Question 17

Question 55:(a) Differentiate between meristematic and permanent tissues in plants.(b) Define the process of differentiation.(c) Name any two simple and two complex permanent tissues in plants.

Accepted Answer

Answer:(a) (b) The loss of division ability of cells by taking up a permanent shape, size and function is called differentiation. The cells develop into tissues and organ by the process of differentiation. (c) Simple permanent tissue- parenchyma tissue and sclerenchyma tissue.Complex permanent tissue- xylem and pholem tissue.

Question 18

Question 1:
Find out incorrect sentence

Accepted Answer

Answer:
Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms which are characterized by the absence of well defined nucleus. It includes bacteria, cyanobacteria etc.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Question 19

Question 2:Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?(i) Thallophyta(ii) Bryophyta(iii) Pteridophyta(iv) Gymnosperms

Accepted Answer

Answer:
Division Thallophyta and Bryophyta does not have specialized tissue for conduction of water. These tissues first appeared in Pteridophytes and are found in Gymnosperms as well. 
Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Question 20

Question 3:Which among the following produce seeds?

Accepted Answer

Answer:
Gymnosperms are the group of plants which bear naked seeds. The lower group of plants (Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) do not bear seeds. 
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

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