Question 1

Which of the following is a cationic detergent?

Accepted Answer

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

Question 2

Which of the following is a basic acid ?

Accepted Answer

(Structure of Lysine)Lysine is a basic o acid.

Question 3

Which of the following is a natural polymer?

Accepted Answer

Naturally occuring polymer, natural rubber is cis-1, 4– polyisoprene

Question 4

Among the following, the narrow spectrum antibiotic is :

Accepted Answer

Penicillin G

Question 5

Which of the following is an analgesic?

Accepted Answer

Novalgin – It is analgesic. Used for treatment of pain.Pencilin – AntibioticStreptomycin – AntibioticChloromycetic – Used for treat infection.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline commonly known as fight or flight hormone, it is produced by the adrenal glands after receving a message from the brain that a stressful situation has presented itself.

Question 7

Antiseptics and disinfectants either kill or prevent growth of microorganisms. Identify which of the following statements is not true:

Accepted Answer

Chlorine is disinfectants but Iodine is antiseptics.

Question 8

Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol acts as:

Accepted Answer

Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol acts as antiseptic

Question 9

Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways ?

Accepted Answer

We need to classify drugs in different ways because different types of classification to drugs may be helpful for people belonging to various fields, such as scientists, drug manufactures, students, chemists, etc.Thus, the knowledge of the pharmacological effect makes the job of doctors easy. Also, correct medicine can be given as first aid in case of emergency.For example- When there is acidity, we can use antacid.

Question 10

Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.

Accepted Answer

In medicinal chemistry, target molecules or drug targets refer to the key molecules (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are involved in certain metabolic pathways leading to certain diseases. These target molecules are inhibited when the drug molecules bind to the active sites.

Question 11

Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Accepted Answer

The macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In medicinal chemistry, target molecules or drug targets refer to the key molecules that are involved in certain metabolic pathways leading to certain diseases. These target molecules are inhibited when the drug molecules bind to the active sites.

Question 12

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors ?

Accepted Answer

Drugs have several side effects. Drug overdose may be fatal due to toxicity.Thus, due to harmful and poisonous nature of a drug, it should not be taken without proper medical advice.

Question 13

Define the term chemotherapy.

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in the body. It is most often used to treat cancer since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.

Question 14

Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes ?

Accepted Answer

The forces involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes can be any one of the following:(i) Ionic bonds(ii) Hydrogen bonds(iii) Dipole-dipole interactions(iv) Van der Waals forces.

Question 15

While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?

Accepted Answer

Antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines. However, they do not interfere with the function of each other. This is because they affect different receptors. Specific drugs affect particular receptors.

Question 16

Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs are needed to cure this problem ? Name two drugs.

Accepted Answer

Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. Anti-depressant drugs are needed to cure this problem. They inhibit enzymes that catalyze noradrenaline degradation. Hence, the metabolism of noradrenaline is slowed down and the neurotransmitter can activate its receptor for longer periods of time. Iproniazid and phenelzine are two such drugs.

Question 17

What is meant by the term broad spectrum antibiotics? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.An example includes chloramphenicol that can be used for the treatment of typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, pneumonia, etc.Other examples include vancomycin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin.

Question 18

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants ? Give one example of each.

Accepted Answer

Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments etc. They are harmful to living tissues.Iodine is a strong antiseptic. Tincture of iodine 92-93% of solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture and 1 percent solution of phenol act as disinfectants.

Question 19

Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide ?

Accepted Answer

Sodium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium or aluminum hydroxide neutralize the excess HCl present in the stomach. They do not treat the root cause for the release of excess acid.Cimetidine and ranitidine control the root cause of acidity and decrease the amount of acid released by stomach.Note: Acidity is due to the release of excess acid which in turn is due to the interaction of histamine with receptors in the stomach walls.

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