Question 1

Name the type of fruit apple is categorised under and why ? Mention two other examples which belong to the same category as apple.

Accepted Answer

False fruit, thalamus contributes to fruit formation: Strawberry, Cashew .

Question 2

Given below is a section of a Maize grain. Identify ‘A’ and state its function.

Accepted Answer

Coleoptile, protecting the shoot apex/plumule.

Question 3

A drupe develops in

Accepted Answer

(a) Some fleshy fruits such as mango, plum etc. usually have a single hard stone that encloses a seed, called drupe.

Question 4

In coconut brown covering (thin layer) adherent to the kernel around the endosperm is

Accepted Answer

In coconut brown covering (thin layer) adherent to the kernel around the endosperm is seed coat. A seed coat protects the internal parts of the seed from fungi, bacteria and insects and prevents water loss. The seed coat must split open before a new plant may emerge. The outer layer of the seed coat, called the testa, is generally hard and thick. The second layer of the seed coat, known as the tegmen, is softer. In some plants, the seed coat does not open unless environmental conditions are ideal for plant growth. This condition is known as dormancy. In many plants, the seed coat covers storage tissues. The embryonic plant uses these food reserves until it is able to emerge from the seed coat and make its own food. Coconuts are classified as a fibrous one-seeded drupe. A drupe is a fruit with a hard stony covering enclosing the seed (like a peach or olive) and comes from the word drupa meaning overripe olive. A coconut, and all drupes, have three layers:  the exocarp (outer layer), the mesocarp (fleshy middle layer), and the endocarp (hard, woody layer that surrounds the seed). Thus the correct answer is B.

Question 5

Food is stored in albuminous seed in

Accepted Answer

A. Outer seed coat which ensures survival of seeds called testa.B. Cotyledons reserve food material in exalbuminous seeds.C. Endosperm reserve food in albuminous seeds.D. Plumule gives rise to aerial shoot.So, the correct answer is 'Endosperm'.

Question 6

Give any two examples each of endospermic (albuminous) seeds and non-endospermic (exalbuminous) seeds.

Accepted Answer

Endospermic seeds are Barley, Coffee and Rice. These seeds contain endosperm that has the reserve food material.Non-endospermic seeds are Jack fruit, Mustard, and Sunflower. In these seeds, the cotyledons contain the reserve food.

Question 7

A plant has 24 chromosomes in microspore mother cell. The number of chromosomes in its endosperm will be

Accepted Answer

The inner diploid sporogenous tissue of each microsporangium first undergoes mitotic divisions to increase the cell number and then differentiates into microspore/pollen mother cell. Being the product of mitosis in diploid cells, microspore mother cells are diploid i.e. carry two complete sets of chromosomes. Double fertilization is characterized by fusion of one male gamete fuses with egg nucleus (syngamy) to form the diploid embryo and that of other with diploid secondary nucleus/central cell (triple fusion) to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus which in turn divides to form large nutritive endosperm. This makes endosperm triploid being the product of triple fusion between the diploid secondary nucleus and haploid male gamete. Therefore, if microspore mother cell has 2n= 24 chromosomes, the triploid endosperm will have 3n= 36 chromosomes. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Question 8

Differentiate between albuminous and nonalbuminous seed, giving one example of each.

Accepted Answer

Albuminous seeds refer to those seeds that retain or restores some part of the endosperm during embryonic development. Examples include maize, barley, castor, and sunflower.Non-albuminous seeds refer to those seeds that consume the entire endosperm during the embryonic development. Examples include peas and groundnut.

Question 9

Caruncle of Albuminous dicot seed is derived from

Accepted Answer

The caruncle is the white spongy outgrowth of the micropyle seen in some species and derived from embryo. It absorbs water readily so that it may be of some use in germination.So the correct answer is 'Embryo'.

Question 10

Germinated grams are considered highly nutritive. What is the reason for this belief?

Accepted Answer

Seeds contain endosperm, which stores food for the germinating seed. When seeds get hydrated during germination the food in the endosperm gets transformed into active proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and other nutrients. Their amount also increases and they also become rich in carbohydrates. So, germinated grams are considered highly nutritive.

Question 11

False fruits (thalamus also contributes to fruit formation) are found in

Accepted Answer

False fruits are those in which addition to ovary other floral parts also contribute for its development is called false fruits, examples - apple, pear, strawberry and cashew nut.

Question 12

Seeds are adaptively important because(i) they maintain dormancy.(ii) they protect young plants during vulnerable stages.(iii) they store food for young plants, and facilitate dispersal.Identify the correct reasons.

Accepted Answer

The correct option is all the above. The seeds are the structures that maintain dormancy, protect young plants during vulnerable stages, store food for young plants and facilitate dispersal.

Question 13

Identified A, B, C and D in the given figure of false fruit of apple.

Accepted Answer

False fruit are those fruits in which addition to ovary other floral parts (like thalamus) also contribute for its development is called false fruits. Examples– apple, pear, strawberry and cashew nut. In the given figure of false fruit (apple), the structure marked as A, B, C and D are respectively thalamus, seed, endocarp and mesocarp. Thalamus is a receptacle of a flower in which the embryo fruits and later the seeds are held. Seed is a fertilized and ripened ovule and the characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp which surrounds a seed in a fruit. It may be membranous (as in apples) or woody (as in the stone of a peach or cherry). Mesocarp is the middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp.

Question 14

Seed coat is not thin, membranous in

Accepted Answer

The seed coat develops from integuments originally surrounding the ovule. It is thick and hard in coconut which protects the embryo from mechanical injury and from drying out.

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