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Physics Part-II

Nuclei

Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion). ^2_1H, +,

Physics Part-II

Class 12

NCERT

Chapter 1: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

41 questions

Chapter 2: Wave Optics

30 questions

Chapter 3: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

44 questions

Chapter 4: Atoms

23 questions

Chapter 5: Nuclei

38 questions

Consider the fission of

_{92}^{238} U

by fast neutrons. In one fission event, no neutrons are emitted and the final end products, after the beta decay of the primary fragments, are

_{58}^{140} C e

and

_{44}^{99} R u

. Calculate Q for this fission process. The relevant atomic and particle masses are:

m (_{92}^{238} U) = 238.05079 u

m (_{58}^{140} C e) = 139.90543 u

m (_{44}^{99} U) = 98.90594 u

Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion).

_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n

(a) Calculate the energy released in MeV in this reaction from the data:

m (_{1}^{2} H) = 2.014102 u

m (_{1}^{3} H) = 3.016049 u

(b) Consider the radius of both deuterium and tritium to be approximately 2.0 fm. What is the kinetic energy needed to overcome the coulomb repulsion between the two nuclei? To what temperature must the gas be heated to initiate the reaction? (Hint: Kinetic energy required for one fusion event =average thermal kinetic energy available with the interacting particles = 2(3kT/2); k = Boltzmans constant, T = absolute temperature.)

Obtain the maximum kinetic energy of

β

-particles, and the radiation frequencies of

γ

decays in the decay scheme shown.

m (^{198} A u) = 197.968233 u

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Chapter 6: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

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Question

Medium

Solving time: 4 mins

Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion).
$_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n$
(a) Calculate the energy released in MeV in this reaction from the data:
$m (_{1}^{2} H) = 2.014102 u$
$m (_{1}^{3} H) = 3.016049 u$
(b) Consider the radius of both deuterium and tritium to be approximately 2.0 fm. What is the kinetic energy needed to overcome the coulomb repulsion between the two nuclei? To what temperature must the gas be heated to initiate the reaction? (Hint: Kinetic energy required for one fusion event =average thermal kinetic energy available with the interacting particles = 2(3kT/2); k = Boltzmans constant, T = absolute temperature.)

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Physics Part-II (NCERT)

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Henry Discussed

Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion).

_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n

(a) Calculate the energy released in MeV in this reaction from the data:

m (_{1}^{2} H) = 2.014102 u

m (_{1}^{3} H) = 3.016049 u

7 mins ago

Discuss this question LIVE

7 mins ago

Text solutionVerified

(a) The reaction process is,

_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n + Q

Q - value = [mass of

_{1}^{2} H +

mass of

_{1}^{3} H -

mass of

_{2}^{4} He -

mass of n]

\times 931 M e V

= (2.014102 + 3.016049 - 4.002603 - 1.00867) \times 931 M e V

= 0.018878 \times 931 = 17.58 M e V

(b) Repulsive potential energy of two nuclei when they almost touch each other is given by.

\frac{q ^{2}}{4 π ε _{0} ( 2 r )} = \frac{9 \times 1 0 ^{9} ( 1.6 \times 1 0 ^{- 19} ) ^{2}}{2 \times 2 \times 1 0 ^{- 15}}

joule

= 5.76 \times 1 0^{- 14} J

Classically, this amount of K.E. is at least required to overcome coulomb repulsion.

Now, using the relation,

K E = \frac{3}{2} k T

\Rightarrow T = \frac{2 K . E .}{3 k}

= \frac{2 \times 5.76 \times 1 0 ^{- 14}}{3 \times 1.38 \times 1 0 ^{- 23}}

= 2.78 \times 1 0^{9} K

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Practice more questions from Physics Part-II (NCERT)

Consider the fission of

_{92}^{238} U

by fast neutrons. In one fission event, no neutrons are emitted and the final end products, after the beta decay of the primary fragments, are

_{58}^{140} C e

and

_{44}^{99} R u

. Calculate Q for this fission process. The relevant atomic and particle masses are:

m (_{92}^{238} U) = 238.05079 u

m (_{58}^{140} C e) = 139.90543 u

m (_{44}^{99} U) = 98.90594 u

Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion).

_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n

(a) Calculate the energy released in MeV in this reaction from the data:

m (_{1}^{2} H) = 2.014102 u

m (_{1}^{3} H) = 3.016049 u

Obtain the maximum kinetic energy of

β

-particles, and the radiation frequencies of

γ

decays in the decay scheme shown.

m (^{198} A u) = 197.968233 u

View all

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Question Text	Consider the DT reaction (deuteriumtritium fusion). $_{1}^{2} H +_{1}^{3} H \to_{2}^{4} He + n$ (a) Calculate the energy released in MeV in this reaction from the data: $m (_{1}^{2} H) = 2.014102 u$ $m (_{1}^{3} H) = 3.016049 u$ (b) Consider the radius of both deuterium and tritium to be approximately 2.0 fm. What is the kinetic energy needed to overcome the coulomb repulsion between the two nuclei? To what temperature must the gas be heated to initiate the reaction? (Hint: Kinetic energy required for one fusion event =average thermal kinetic energy available with the interacting particles = 2(3kT/2); k = Boltzmans constant, T = absolute temperature.)
Topic	Nuclei
Subject	Physics
Class	Class 12
Answer Type	Text solution:1
Upvotes	20

Text solutionVerified

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