Copper is the most noble of the first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite $(C u S O_{4} .5 H_{2} O)$ atacamite $(C u_{2} C l (O H)_{3})$ ,Cuprite $(C u_{2} O)$ , copper glance $(C u_{2} S)$ and malachite $(C u_{2} (O H)_{2} C O_{3})$ . however 80% of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite $(C u F e S_{2})$ . the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite invovles partial roasting . removal of iron and self-reduction.
In self-reduction, the reducing species is

Question

Copper is the most noble of the first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite

(C u S O_{4} .5 H_{2} O)

atacamite

(C u_{2} C l (O H)_{3})

,Cuprite

(C u_{2} O)

, copper glance

(C u_{2} S)

and malachite

(C u_{2} (O H)_{2} C O_{3})

. however 80% of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite

(C u F e S_{2})

. the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite invovles partial roasting . removal of iron and self-reduction.
In self-reduction, the reducing species is

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